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• Otolaryngology - ENT
  • Common ENT Terms
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  • Throat Conditions
  • Sample Reports - Otolaryngology - ENT

• Throat Conditions

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• Achalasia

A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by achalasia, alacrimia (absent tears) and Addison's disease. Addison's disease involves adrenal insufficiency due to a resistance to adrenocorticotropic hormone. Only about 70 cases reported worldwide.



• Achalasia

A rare motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by inability of the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal muscle to relax as well as dilation of the esophagus.



• Achalasia (Familial Esophageal)

A rare familial disorder where the esophagus lacks the normal peristaltic motions that help food move through the digestive system.



• Achalasia (Primary)

A rare motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by inability of the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal muscle to relax as well as dilation of the esophagus. The disorder is not associated with any other disease or disorder.



• Achalasia Microcephaly

A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by a small head and achalasia which involves esophageal problems such as enlargement.



• Acute Pharyngitis

A condition which is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction of the pharynx



• Aggressive Fibromatosis (Parapharyngeal Space)

A type of tumor that occur near in the space around the pharynx and is locally invasive but not malignant. They tend to occur mainly in the head and neck region and symptoms depend on the exact location and aggressiveness of the tumor. Tumors often reoccur after surgical removal which then requires further treatment with radiation and chemotherapy.



• Aksu Von Stockhausen Syndrome

A rare condition observed in a Turkish family and characterized by various head and neck malformations that have resulted from abnormal development of the branchial arches.



• Alacrima Syndrome

A familial disorder characterized by adrenal gland-related hormonal problems, swallowing difficulty (achalasia) and a lack of tears (alacrima). Neurological impairment and motor and sensory neuropathy is progressive. The adrenal glands in patients are resistant to the ACTH hormone and hence fail to operate normally.



• Arnold Stickler Bourne Syndrome

A very rare syndrome characterized by muscle problems in hands, mouth and pharynx, kidney anomalies and corneal crystals.



• Avellis's Syndrome

Damage to a part of the brain stem (nucleus ambiguous) which affects signals being sent to the vagus nerve which controls the pharynx and larynx. Paralysis occurs on one side of the palate and vocal cord and loss of sensation in the other side of the body. The damage may be due to such things as trauma, cancer or toxicity.