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Cancer Drugs

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  • NA17-A

  • A specific melanoma antigen protein derived from a patient (NA17) with cutaneous melanoma metastases. The NA-17-A antigen is part of the enzyme N-acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase V (GnT-V). Approximately half of melanomas have been found to express significant levels of this atypical protein, which is not expressed by normal tissues.

  • nadroparin calcium

  • A low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) composed of a heterogeneous mixture of sulfated polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan chains obtained by depolymerisation of porcine mucosal sodium heparin, extraction/purification and conversion to the calcium salt. Nadroparin binds to antithrombin III (ATIII) and inhibits the activity of activated factor X (factor Xa), thereby inhibiting the final common pathway of the coagulation cascade and preventing the formation of a cross-linked fibrin clot.

  • Naropin

  • (Other name for: ropivacaine hydrochloride)

  • Navelbine

  • (Other name for: vinorelbine ditartrate)

  • nedaplatin

  • A second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin.

  • nelarabine

  • An arabinonucleoside antimetabolite with antineoplastic activity. Nelarabine is demethoxylated by adenosine deaminase to become biologically active 9-beta-D-arabinosylguanine (ara-G); ara-G incorporates into DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing an S phase-dependent apoptosis of tumor cells.

  • Neogest

  • (Other name for: norgestrel)

  • Neoquin

  • (Other name for: apaziquone)

  • Neoral

  • (Other name for: cyclosporine)

  • Neosar

  • (Other name for: cyclophosphamide)

  • Neovastat

  • (Other name for: shark cartilage extract AE-941)

  • Neptazane

  • (Other name for: methazolamide)

  • Neulasta

  • (Other name for: pegfilgrastim)

  • Neumega

  • (Other name for: interleukin-11)

  • Neupogen

  • (Other name for: filgrastim)

  • Neurontin

  • (Other name for: gabapentin)

  • Neutrexin

  • (Other name for: trimetrexate glucuronate)

  • Nexavar

  • (Other name for: sorafenib tosylate)

  • niacinamide

  • The active form of vitamin B3 and a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Niacinamide acts as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent by enhancing tumor blood flow, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia. This agent also inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, enzymes involved in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by radiation or chemotherapy.

  • Nilandron

  • (Other name for: nilutamide)

  • nilotinib

  • An orally available aminopyrimidine with antineoplastic activity. Designed to overcome imatinib resistance, nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that binds to and inhibits the Bcr-Abl fusion protein, an abnormal chimeric tyrosine kinase expressed in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. This agent also inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and for c-kit, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Nilotinib interrupts phosphorylation of these tyrosine kinases and their downstream signaling targets, resulting in decreased cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. This agent is more potent than imatinib against Ph+ CML cells.

  • nilutamide

  • A synthetic, nonsteroidal agent with antiandrogenic properties. Nilutamide preferentially binds to androgen receptors and blocks androgen receptor activation by testosterone and other androgens; this agent may inhibit androgen-dependent growth of normal and neoplastic prostate cells.

  • nimotuzumab

  • A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Nimotuzumab binds to and inhibits EGFR, resulting in growth inhibition of tumor cells that overexpress EGFR. In addition, this agent may act synergistically with radiation therapy.

  • nimustine

  • A nitrosourea with antineoplastic activity. Nimustine alkylates and crosslinks DNA, thereby causing DNA fragmentation, inhibition of protein synthesis, and cell death.

  • Nipent

  • (Other name for: pentostatin)

  • nitrocamptothecin

  • A semisynthetic agent related to camptothecin with potent antitumor and antiviral properties. Rubitecan binds to and inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase I and induces protein-linked DNA single-strand breaks, thereby blocking DNA and RNA synthesis in dividing cells; this agent also prevents repair of reversible single-strand DNA breaks.

  • Nizoral

  • (Other name for: ketoconazole)

  • nolatrexed dihydrochloride

  • A water-soluble lipophilic quinazoline folate analog with antineoplastic activity. Nolatrexed occupies the folate binding site of thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of thymidylate synthase activity and thymine nucleotide synthesis with subsequent inhibition of DNA replication, DNA damage, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. This agent also exhibits radiosensitizing activity.

  • Nolvadex

  • (Other name for: tamoxifen citrate)

  • nordihydroguaiaretic acid

  • A naturally occurring antioxidant dicatechol originally derived from the creosote bush Larrea divaricatta with antipromoter, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) directly inhibits activation of two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the c-erbB2/HER2/neu receptor, resulting in decreased proliferation of susceptible tumor cell populations. This agent may induce apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations as a result of disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in association with the activation of stress activated protein kinases (SAPKs). In addition, NDGA inhibits arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX), resulting in diminished synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrines; it may prevent leukocyte infiltration into tissues and the release of reactive oxygen species and, at higher concentrations, may also inhibit cyclooxygenase.

  • norgestrel

  • A synthetic progestin commonly used alone or in combination with an estrogen for contraception. Norgestrel suppresses the secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones (LH and FSH), thickens cervical mucus, and slows the transit of ova through the fallopian tubes. This agent also exhibits antiproliferative activity in endometrial tissue and may exhibit chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities in endometrial carcinoma.

  • noscapine hydrochloride

  • The orally available hydrochloride salt of the opioid agonist noscapine, a phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid derived from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum, with mild analgesic, antitussive, and potential antineoplastic activities. Noscapine binds to tubulin and alters its conformation, resulting in a disruption of the dynamics of microtubule assembly (by increasing the time that microtubules spend idle in a paused state) and, subsequently, the inhibition of mitosis and tumor cell death. Unlike other tubulin inhibitors such as the taxanes and vinca alkaloids, noscapine does not affect microtubule polymerization.

  • Novantrone

  • (Other name for: mitoxantrone hydrochloride)

  • Nutracort

  • (Other name for: hydrocortisone)

  • NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine

  • A cancer vaccine consisting of an immunogenic peptide derived from the cancer-testis antigen (NY-ESO-1), an antigen found in normal testis and various tumors. Vaccination with NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a humoral and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to cells expressing NY-ESO-1 antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis.


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Cancer Drugs


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